Exam Question
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (16)
Conjugation of a cation
Drawing of molecular orbital is normal Each carbon has a delocalised electron Cation so instead of 4 u have 3 They are sp2 hybridised So the bonding bottom is full so electron orbitals , second one is half filled 3 pi electrons, these fill the 2 lowest bonding orbitals leaving one unpaired. The positive charge is delocalised across the whole conjugated system stabilising the cation
Conjugation of a anion
Give pi electron occupy 4 molecular orbitals , extra electron enters anti bonding orbital. Negative charges is delocalised across the whole molecule
Conjugation
Overlap of p orbitals Show that’s its sp2 or so hybridised - draw it
Difference between sigma and hydrogen bonds
Sigma is single covalent bond- sp3 hybridised- show this Hydrogen bond is the weak attraction between electronegative molecules- show a level structure
Why is it aromatic ?
See the heteratoms donate electrons - how many electrons it donates Fit huckners rule Tragona planar SP2 hydribised - SAY IN EVERYTHING Draw the structure - 3D with p orbitals orbitals How is an aromatic molecule formed
Drawing electronic orbital ?
Draw normal a level electronic Draw hybrid-sized version Draw the hexagon shape
Types of bonds formed at each amino acid ?
Hydrogen bonds- identify the acceptor and donator - definition Hydrophobic - non polar Possible covelant if SH which is very strong
How do u identify the residues ?
Mark the middle carbon which is ALWAYS NEXT TO NH2 and find it form there
When drawing staggered and eclipsed
Always 6 combinations Move inner atoms first -3 Then outer NOT TOGETHER If they look the same just but B=C
When it says draw molecular orbital diagrams and show bonding across?
Normal molecular diagrams and add electron orbitals
What does drawing look like with heteroatoms ?
Normal ring with p orbitals but For N donating 2 and leaving one electron draw another dumbbell coming out and an electron in that adjacent to a h atom
Hydrogen bond donor definition
WHAT IS AN HYDROGEN BOND Hydrogen bond to an electronegative atom capable of being shared
Hydrogen bond acceptor definition
WHAT IS AN HYDROGEN BOND Lone pair on electronegative atom capable of accepting a hydrogen
Drawing resonance forms
Look for oxygen lone pair and aromatic if question ask Arrow from lone pair to form =o double bond , then double bond to end of it to form positive charge and positive charge to bond to form double bond
Changing configuration from S to R ?
Add a wedge and dashed line at the top and add the lowest and highest group
Physiological PH
Change the NH2 and COOH