Physiology 1 kidney
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
Define Osmolality
measure of conc. of solute in a liquid that can be measures in a lab
Define Osmolarity
measure of conc. of solute in a liquid that can be calculated from a blood test
What condition should both the intracellular (ICF) and extracellular fluid compartments (ECF) be in
Osmotic equilibrium
What is the normal range of osmolarity and what a high/low value indicates
Normal: 280 - 300 mOsm/L High: solute conc. is higher than water Low: solute conc. is lower than water
Why must ECF volume be regulated
to ensure appropriate plasma volume and blood pressure
Name kidney functions
Osmoregulation Electrolyte balance removal of metabolic waste RBC production
Name the functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
What are the 4 basic processes in renal function
Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion Excretion of water and solutes in urine
What happens in glomerular filtration
Blood pressure (from afferent to efferent arteriole) forces water and small solutes out of the capillaries and into the nephron to create filtrate.
What happens during Tubular Reabsorption?
Many substances are filtered and reabsorbed from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillaries
Where does most tubular secretion take place
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
What happens during Tubular Secretion?
Waste, excess ions, and drugs move from the blood into the filtrate.Eliminates toxins and metabolic by products
Name some physiological responses to water restriction
Increased thirst Increased ADH secretion Plasma osmolarity rises
What happens during Excretion?
The final urine.Amount excreted = amount filtered (1) - amount reabsorbed (2) + amount secreted (3) Used to estimate GFR
Name some Physiological responses to water excess
Plasma osmolarity falls Decreased thirst Reduced secretion of ADH
Describe and name the parts of the kidney
Cortex (outer tissue) Medulla (inner tissue) Calyx/Calyces (hollow inside)
What are the 3 layers of filtration in the glomerulus
1)Fenestration between capillary endothelial cell 2)Thick, fuse basement membrane of capillary endothelial cells and podocytes 3)Filtration slit membrane between podocyte foot processes
What is the major blood protein
Albumin
Name some diseases related to problems with the glomerulus
Nephrotic syndrome - damage to basement membrane/podocytes Nephritic syndrome - infection leading to inflammation of glomerulus
What are the 2 mechanisms that protect the glomeruli from high BP
Bayliss myogenic response and Tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)
What is the Bayliss myogenic response
causes constriction of afferent arterioles
What is Tubuloglomerular Feedback
uses increased pressure within glomerular capillaries and forces more fluid across the glomerular membranes.
What are cells in the DCT called and what do they do
Macula Densa and they detect increased flow using its cilia and increased [NaCl]
What is the function of the Loop of Henle
creating and maintaining an osmotic gradient within the medulla