Chapter 2.7: Physical Properties of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
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What are very weak intermolecular forces of attraction resulting from the interaction between temporary induced dipoles?
dispersion forces
Define dispersion forces
very weak intermolecular forces of attraction resulting from the interaction between temporary induced dipoles
How does boiling point decrease with increased branching in alkanes?
Branching increase –> shape becomes more compact –> surface area decreases –> contact among adjacent molecules decreases –> dispersion forces increase –> boiling point decreases
Describe the relationship between boiling/melting point and molecular weight
o Boiling point and melting point increase as molecular weight increases
What is the most important property of alkanes and cycloalkanes?
• The most important property of alkanes and cycloalkanes is their almost complete lack of polarity
Describe the relationship between dispersion forces and molar mass
o Strength of dispersion forces tends to increase with increasing molar mass
Describe the relationship between branched alkanes and boiling point
o For any group of alkane constitutional isomers, the least branched isomer usually has the highest boiling point and the most branched isomer usually has the lowest boiling point
Relate liquid and solid alkanes to water in terms of density
o All liquid and solid alkanes are less dense than water