Multiple Choice Questions
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In a healthy adult, in which tissue does haematopoiesis normally occur?
Bone marrow
A patient is being investigated for fatigue and their blood tests show the following results. What do they show? Hb = low MCV = low
Microcytic anaemia
What is a zymogen?
a precursor or inactive form of an enzyme
Which is the most common intracellular protein that accumulates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease?
Tau tangles
A 10 year-old girl is being investigated for possible Turner’s syndrome. What changes would you expect to see on a karyotype that would confirm this diagnosis?
Only one X chromosome
What is a Barr body?
An inactivated X chromosome in a female somatic cell
What is the function of the enzyme DNA telomerase?
to prevent the ends of DNA from degradation
In enzyme kinetics, what does V0 refer to?
the initial rate of reaction
A 2-year-old male presents with hemarthrosis but it otherwise fit and well. The doctor suspects an underlying bleeding disorder. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Haemophilia A/B
How does bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) encourage oxygen release into hypoxic tissue?
It stabilises the T-state of haemoglobin molecules
A 62-year-old patient presents with jaundice and pancreatic cancer is suspected. Which compound, commonly tested as part of a liver function blood test, is responsible for this change in the colour of the skin?
Bilirubin
What key feature of inheritance do you see with a genetic mitochondrial disease?
It can only be inherited from the mother
What antigens are present on the surface of a person with the blood group O negative?
A,B and Rhesus absent
What is the function of DNA ligase in DNA replication?
To join separate fragments of DNA on the lagging strand
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
The local folding of a polypeptide chain backbone into structures such as alpha helices
Amino acids are linked by ____ to form polypeptide chains
Peptide bonds
A deficiency in which vitamin affects collagen and leads to the condition scurvy?
Vitamin C
Aspirin reduces inflammation by binding to which molecule in the arachidonic acid pathway?
Cyclooxygenase
What is the approximate percentage of the whole blood volume taken up by the cells?
45%