Unit 1 Law Test

Laws -Formal -Made by government -huge consequences Rules -guidelines created by individuals or organizations -manges behavior of society -flexible consequences

Protecting Society (physically, property, and morally) Providing Structure, Order, and Stability Solving Disputes Peacefully Ensuring Justice Protecting Rights and Freedoms Establishing Rules of Conduct Setting Out Obligations (duties people must follow) -Structuring Government

• Everyone must accept that the law is necessary • The law applies to everyone – No one is above the law • All people deserve rights and freedoms

The Rule of Law matter because it protects fairness, justice, and equality. Also understanding these issues helps us recognize when the law is not being applied fairly. Without the law -You could be arrested without reason -The government could take your property -Wealthy or powerful individuals can do things and get away with it

-The law should be moral -The law should reflect the morals in society -The laws should shape our morals in society -The law should be adaptable and change as society’s morals and values change

-Treat like cases alike and different cases different cases differently • The law should not discriminate on the basis of irrelevant factors (skin colour, religon) -The law should be applied to everyone regardless of their status -The law must conform to the moral and beliefs of society

-Introduced codification (everyone sees the laws and it’s organized for everyone to access) -Hammurabi: first leader to physically write down laws -punishments based on retribution (you kill someone we kill you)

Based on the Ten Commandments

-Introduced a democracy system, the idea of citizen voices and decisions -Developed the jury system, allowing citizens to decide guilt or innocence. -influenced Canada’s political and legal systems.

They introduced legal advisers, the first lawyers, to help citizens

Organized and simplified Roman laws -became the foundation for modern law systems

-Written in clear languages -Covered property, family, contracts, and civil rights

-Early British Laws -Trial by ordeal: torture you and if you admit guilt then your guilty -Trial by oath: people swore they were innocent -Trial by combat: two people fought and the winner was believed to be right because god decided the outcome

-the ability to own property/land -(in my house i have my rules)

a document that first established the principle that everyone, including the King of England, was subject to the law

-Legal systems made by indigenous people before European contact

Common Law, Statute Law, Constitutional Law

Common law (case law) is law created by judges through court decisions. It is based on precedent and the principle of stare decisis (following past decisions).

Precedent is a previous court decision that must be followed in similar future cases.

Stare decisis means “to stand by the decision.” It requires courts to follow previous rulings to ensure consistency.

written laws by elected legislatives

Constitutional law is the highest law in Canada. -based on the charter of rights and freedoms -protects individual rights.

-area of private law -marriage/ divorcee/ custody -Deals with law between families

British law -judge has to give the right for an arrest