Unit 3 Vocab List
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The total number of individuals within a defined area at a given time
population size (N)
The number of individuals per unit area at a given time
population density
An individual’s probability of survival and reproduction in a manner that depends on the size of the population
density-dependent
A resource that a population cannot live without and that occurs in quantities lower than the population would require to increase in size.
limiting resource
The limit of how many individuals in a population the environment can sustain
carrying capacity (K)
A factor that has the same effect on an individual’s probability of survival and the amount of reproduction at any population size.
density-independent factor
The number of offspring an individual can produce in a given time period, minus the death of the individual or any of its offspring during the same period
growth rate
When a population becomes larger than the environment’s carrying capacity
overshoot
A species with a low intrinsic growth rate that causes the population to increase slowly until it reaches carrying capacity
k-selected species
A species that has a high intrinsic growth rate, which often leads to population overshoots and die-offs
r-selected species
The movement of people into a country or region, from another country or region
immigration
The movement of people out of a country or region
emigration
An estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years.
total fertility rate (TFR)
A country with relatively high levels of industrialization and income
developed countries
A country with relatively low levels of industrialization and income
developing countries
The number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births
infant mortality rate
An age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top, typical of developing countries
population pyramid
The state of having plentiful wealth including the possession of money, goods, or property
affluence
A measure of the value of all products and services produced in one year in one country
gross domestic product (GDP)
The study of human populations and population trends
demography
The average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate in that country
life expectancy
A species that plays a far more important in its community than its relative abundance might suggest
keystone species
A visual representation of the number of individuals within specific age groups for a country, typically expressed for males and females
age structure diagrams
The number of years it takes a population to double
doubling time