Fighting Disease
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What is a micro organism?
Bacteria, viruses and other organisms that can only be seen under a microscope
What’s the difference between a bacterium and a virus?
A bacteria produce antigens to make us Ill and damage our cells but viruses take over our cells and cause them to burst making us ill
Name 3 first line defences in the body
Hairs Mucus Saliva Stomach acid Scabs Cilia Mucus Tears Wax
What is immunity?
After your white blood cells fight off a pathogen, they leave behind a memory cell which makes white blood cells work faster if that pathogen returns
What are leucocytes?
White blood cells
What are the two types of white blood cell?
Phagocytes- engulfs the pathogen Lymphocytes- explodes releasing antibodies
What do antibodies do?
Target the pathogen (using the pathogens antigen) and destroy the cell.
What do antitoxins do?
These counteract the toxins produced by bacteria
How can disease be spread?
Droplet infection Direct contact of skin Contaminated food/drink Cut in skin
How are painkillers and antibiotics different?
Antibiotics can kill bacteria Painkillers treat symptoms and don’t kill bacteria
What is it very important antibiotics don’t do?
Harm human cells
Why are viruses immune to antibiotics?
Viruses breed inside our body cells Antibiotics cannot harm our body cells
What is an infectious disease?
A disease that can be passed from one person to another
What does a vaccination involve?
Injecting small amounts of dead or in active microorganisms
Why does are body produce antibodies when we have a vaccine?
The dead microorganism have antigens which causes our body to produce antibodies
Why do we get vaccines?
Because our body will rapidly mass produce antibodies if the same type of microorganisms reappear
What is a booster?
An injection given if a vaccination “wears off”
Why are bacteria a pain?
They can become resistant to antibiotics
Why is it important not to over subscribe antibiotics?
It slows down the rate of resistant strains and helps slow mutations
How do you grow a micro organism in a petri dish?
Inoculate loops transfer the microorganism onto the agar jelly The micrograms multiply The dishes are kept at 25C in schools
How do you sterilise an inoculating loop?
Pass it through a flame Place a lid on the Petri dish Wear gloves Tape the lid down
Where is the antigen located?
As a protein on the surface of a cell
What ethical issues are linked with vaccinations?
MMR ‘causes autism’ Side effects to taking vaccines