How Science Works
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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What does accuracy mean? What can you do to increase the accuracy of an experiment?
Results are close to the true value – accuracy can be increased by controlling variables
What is calibration?
Marking a scale on a measuring instrument
What is the independent variable?
The independent variable is the variable that is changed
What is the dependent variable?
The dependent variable is the variable that is measured
Why do we normally use at least 5 different conditions in an experiment?
We do 5 tests to obtain a pattern – this will also highlight anomalous results
What is a hypothesis?
A proposal to explain certain facts or observations
What is validity? How can you increase the validity of an experiment?
A valid experiment tests what it is supposed to – validity is increased by ensuring all variables are controlled, and removing errors (e.g. experimental bias)
What is an interval?
The quantity between readings e.g. 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm have and interval of 10cm
What is random error? How can you reduce the impact of random errors?
1 or 2 odd results that may be caused by equipment or experimental error – reduce the impact of random error by repeating results and removing anomalies from the average
What is a systematic error? What should you do if you suspect systematic error?
Data which differs from the true value by a consistent amount each time – it is usually caused by the way measuring instruments have been read Repeat using a different technique or instrument
Explain the following types of data: - Categoric Continuous
Categoric: values which are groups or lables (e.g. boys and girls) Continuous: values which have numbers e.g. time, weight, number of people, distance etc…
What is zero error?
When a measuring instrument gives a false reading when it should be zero
What is a precise result?
A result which is very similar to the mean value
What is the range?
The maximum and the minimum values e.g. from 10cm to 50cm
What is repeatability?
When the experimenter repeats the experiment using the same method and gets the same result
What is reproducibility?
When the experiment is repeated by another person or by a different method and you get the same results
What is resolution?
The smallest change in the quantity being measured e.g. mm on a normal ruler
How do you draw a sketch graph?
Label the axes on a sketch like below and draw what you think the line of best fit is like
What is uncertainty?
The interval within which the true value can be expected to fall, with a given level of confidence or probability, e.g. “the temperature is 20°C ± 2°C, at a level of confidence of 95%
What is a control variable?
A variable which could affect the results if it isn’t monitored or kept the same
What does interpreting mean?
To read and summarise the information shown on a graph, table or chart
What is a prediction?
A statement suggesting what will happen in the future, based on observations / experience / a hypothesis
What are environmental considerations?
The impact on wildlife and the natural habitat e.g. pollutions
What is an opinion?
Personal judgments or views which can be formed form scientific evidence or non-scientific ideas