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carbonyl compounds

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Total cards: 9•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (9)

#1
Front (Question)

define aldehyde

Back (Answer)

at least one H attached to the carbonyl group

#2
Front (Question)

define ketone

Back (Answer)

at least 2 carbon attached to the carbonyl group

#3
Front (Question)

define carbonyl group

Back (Answer)

a functional group with a C=O double bond

#4
Front (Question)

define nucleophile

Back (Answer)

an atom/group of atoms attracted to an electron deficient centre

#5
Front (Question)

give 3 examples of nucleophiles

Back (Answer)

Br - OH - NH3

#6
Front (Question)

When oxidising aldehydes what is used as the oxidising agent

Back (Answer)

acidified potassium dichromate (K2CrO7/ H2SO4)

#7
Front (Question)

explain the mechanism for the nucleophilic addition of aldehydes and ketones

Back (Answer)

• dipole present on carbonyl so susceptible to nucleophilic attack • nucleophile donates pair of e- to the carbon which is electron deficient • simultaneously the Pi electrons in the C=O bond break forming the intermediate • extra e- pair are donated to neighbouring H+ to form the alcohol which is stable

#8
Front (Question)

what is the reducing agent in the reduction of carbonyls to give alcohols

Back (Answer)

NaBH4 sodium borohydride

#9
Front (Question)

why do cyanide ions react with carbonyls

Back (Answer)

CN- ions need to be acidified to react directly with C=O. This makes the compound more reactive as the C=O becomes more polar. The pH should be no lower than 4