Thermodynamics
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He didn’t talk about this in class, but I wouldn’t put it past him to put it on the test. Tell me the laws of thermodyanmics.
0th=If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This law establishes the concept of temperature 1st: Energy is conserved 2nd: The total entropy of an isolated system can only increase overtime 3rd: As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, the entropy of the system approaches a constant value.
Define enthalpy (H)
The amount of energy required to make a change.
What is edothermic and exothermic in relation to a system?
Endothermic: Energy enters the system (+) Exothermic: Energy exits a system (-)
Define entropy?
Defines the measure of chaos or disorder. Is effects by temperature.
Define Gibbs Free Energy (The classic way, because it’s what it is in the slideshow)
The spontaineity of a reaction.
What does a (+) Gibbs Free Energy mean?
The reaction is unfavorable.
What does a (-) Gibbs Free Energy mean?
The reaction is favorable.
What is the equation for Gibbs Free Energy? (Hint: Bring it back to Gen Chem)
deltaG=deltaH-(t*DeltaS)
Units for deltaH
kJ/mol
Units for temperature.
Kelvin
Units for deltaS.
J/mol*K
What is Hess’s Law?
DeltaHrxn=sum of Hproduct-sum of Hreactants
What is the elemental state?
The state of an element found in it’s natural, pure, raw state. Its deltaH always equal to 0 kJ/mol.
In simple terms what is ionization energy refering to? What sign should it have in terms of delta H?
This means that the reaction is going more “cationic”, this energy should be (+).
In simple terms what is electron affinity refering to? What sign should it have in terms of delta H?
A reaction is going more “anionic”, this energy should be (-).
What is bond energy?
How much energy needed to make (-) and break (+) bonds.
What is the Enthalpy of Atomization?
The enthalpy required to produce 1 mole of gaseous atoms of a substance?
Hey! Incase you forgot, what is Avagadro’s number?
6.022*10^23 mol^-1
What is the charge of an electron?
1.602*10^-19 Coloumbs
What force does the born exponent represent?
A repulsive force
What does r represent in the Born-Lande equation?
Sum of IONIC radii
What does n represent in the Born-Lande equation?
Average of the born exponents
What is the most accurate out of the three methods (Born Haber, Born Lande, Kapustinski). Why? What makes the equations more accurate when compared?
Born Haber. Ionic character makes the equations more accurate in comparrison with one another.
How can we trap “less” stable states in a reaction?
-Heating rate -Strain -Quench