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3.09 Carboxylix Acids And Derivativies

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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#1
Front (Question)

What is a carboxylic acid? Functional group?

Back (Answer)

-COOH (C=O and C-OH)

#2
Front (Question)

How do you name carboxylic acids

Back (Answer)

-oic acid

#3
Front (Question)

Are carboxylic acids soluble in water? Why? What influences their solubility

Back (Answer)

Yes. Acid group can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules

#4
Front (Question)

What are the intermolecular forces in carboxylic acids?

Back (Answer)

Hydrogen bonds in solid state - very strong

#5
Front (Question)

What are esters (what are they formed from)? Functional group, general formula?

Back (Answer)

Formed from carboxylic acids and alcohols. RCOOR’ (C=O, C-O-C)

#6
Front (Question)

Write an equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with propan-1-ol

Back (Answer)

CH3COOH + CH3CH2CH2OH —> CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + H20

#7
Front (Question)

How do you name esters?

Back (Answer)

Start with the group that has replaced the hydrogen, then acid part e.g. propyl (from alcohol) ethanoate (from carboxylic acid).

#8
Front (Question)

What characteristics physical properties do esters have?

Back (Answer)

Volatile, and have pleasant fruity smells e.g. Apple, pear drops

#9
Front (Question)

What are some uses of esters?

Back (Answer)

Flavourings, perfumes (both for longer chains), solvents (short chains), plasticisers

#10
Front (Question)

What are some common natural esters?

Back (Answer)

Fats and oils

#11
Front (Question)

In what way is the carboxylic acid group polarised (Diagram)

Back (Answer)

#12
Front (Question)

Write an equation for the equilibrium formed by a ethanoic acid in solution

Back (Answer)

CH3COOH (aq) ⇌ CH3COO- (aq) + H+ (aq)

#13
Front (Question)

What happens to the negative charge on the ethanoate ion in terms of electrons?

Back (Answer)

Electrons delocalise so the negative charge is shared across the whole of the carboxylate group

#14
Front (Question)

How could you distinguish carboxylic acids from other -OH containing compounds?

Back (Answer)

Add NaHCO3, acids will produce sodium salt, water and carbon dioxide

#15
Front (Question)

Write an equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with NaOH

Back (Answer)

CH3COOH + NaOH —> H2O + CH3COO-Na+

#16
Front (Question)

Write an equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid with Na2CO3

Back (Answer)

2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 —> 2CH3COO-Na+ + H2O + CO2

#17
Front (Question)

What catalyst is needed for the formation of esters from alcohols and carboxylic acids?

Back (Answer)

Concentrated strong acid e.g. H2SO4

#18
Front (Question)

What catalyst is needed for the hydrolysis of esters?

Back (Answer)

Dilute strong acid e.g. H2SO4

#19
Front (Question)

What is an alternative method of hydrolysis?

Back (Answer)

Base hydrolysis

#20
Front (Question)

What are the advantages of base hydrolysis

Back (Answer)

Reaction goes to completion due to neutralisation by base - more product in the mixture than acid catalysed hydrolysis

#21
Front (Question)

Which alcohol forms the esters that make up animal and vegetable oils?

Back (Answer)

Glycerol / propane - 1,2,3-Tirol

#22
Front (Question)

What is the difference between oil and fat?

Back (Answer)

Oils are liquid at room temperature, fats are solids; fats are usually saturated, oils are not

#23
Front (Question)

What are the products of hydrolysing fats and oils?

Back (Answer)

Propane-1,2,3-Tirol and sodium salts of the acids that make up the ester (hydrolysed with NaOH)

#24
Front (Question)

What are the uses of these products (Propane-1,2,3-triol and sodium salts)?

Back (Answer)

Soaps and cleaning products