2.4 Study Review
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Cohesion vs. Adhesion
Cohesion= bonding between H20 molec Adhesion= bonding between H20 & other substances
Cohesion/Adhesion attraction
Co: Intermolecular Ad: Intramolecular
Solvent
Substance that dissolves in a solute
Specific Heat
Measure of how much heat energy a substance can absorb before its temp rises to a certain amount
Heat of Vaporization
Amount of energy it takes to convert a liquid to a gas state
Concentration
The ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solvent or solution
Hydronium ion
Positively charged ion [H3O+]
Hydroxide ion
Negatively charged ion [OH-]
What is pH?
pH: “potential of hydrogen” Measures [H3O+] on logarithmic scale
What is pOH?
pOH: Negative logarithm of [OH-] in a solution
Acid vs Base
Acids RELEASE hydrogen ions in water and have a pH LESS than 7 Bases ACCEPT hydrogen ions and RELEASE hydroxide atoms, and have a pH GREATER than 7
5 Properties of Water
1) Cohesion/Adhesion 2) Polarity (Makes good solvent) 3) Ice less dense than liquid water 4) High Specific Heat 5) Heat of Vaporization
Explain how water’s polarity or ability to make hydrogen bonds gives it each property
Water’s polarity, the uneven distribution of charge in its molecules, allows for hydrogen bonds to go between water molecules
Examples of why each property is important to living things
Essential for fluid transport in many forms of life
Calculate pH, [H3O+], [OH-], pOH when given one of the four variables
pH= -log[H3O+] pOH=m-log[OH-] [H3O+]= 10-pH [OH-]= 10-pOH
Decide whether a solution is an acid, base, or neutral when given either pH, [H3O+], [OH-], or pOH
Acidic: pH<7 Neutral: pH=7 Basic: pH>7
Compare the concentrations of [H3O+] and [OH-] of solutions with two different pHs.
A: [H3O+][OH-]= 1.0 x 10-14