Evolution
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order the time line Mammals, Simple Eukaryotes, Multicellularity, single celled prokaryotes, prokaryotes that photosyntheisis, flowering plants, animals on land, cambrian explosion
single celled Prokaryotes proksryottes that photosynthesis Simple Eukaryotes Multicellurlarity cambrian explosion Animals on land Mammals flowering plants
fossil
types of fossils
preminrslised, molds, casts, trace fossils and mummys
preminralised fossil
minral rich water deposits minrals (in) organic matirial
Mould fossil
decomposed animal leaves a mould in the rock around it
cast fossil
mould get filled with sediment
trace fossil
fossil that prove existence but not organism ( eggshells, nests)
mummy
soft tissues haven’t decomposed
4 conditions of fossilisation
low oxygen, cool temp, protection (rapid burial) and low light
raletive dating
fossils that are further from surface are older giving aproximate comparrision
Absolute dating
getting an estimate
geological time scale
index fossil
charecteristics must be distinct, have large poppulation, found in many areas and only lived short period of time
transitional fossils
a fossil that show traits of both an ancestor and a decendent species
convergent evolution
Different species independently evolve similar traits due to similar selection pressures
divergent evolution
Homologous structures
Structures in different species that look or function similarly, suggest they have a common ancestor
mutations
happen naturally or due to mutagens
point mutation
changes a single nucleotide casing a single amino acid to be wrong
silent mutation
nucleotide that was changed coded for the same amino acid
insertion
a nucleotide is added casing a frame shift