Pharmacology

Movement of a drug through the body

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination

Amount fo drug to reach system as in tact drug

Mechanism of action that the drug has on the body

Receptors - 4 types - G protein coupled, ligand gated channels, kinase receptors, nuclear receptors. Ion gated channels Carriers/ transporters Enzymes

4 classes: • bacterial cell wall inhibitors • inhibitors of protein synthesis • inhibitors of DNA replication • inhibition of bacterial metabolic pathway

Selectively kills/inhibits bacterial cell whilst causing little/no harm to host cell due to cell differences

B - lactum ring antibiotics

Use of five or more regular medications which increases risk of adverse effects such as creating a new medical diagnosis, drug-drug interactions.

Azoles

Naloxone

Substance/agent that is known to cause abnormal foetal development

Anything that is poisonous to the foetus

Changes to cell wall structure, Production of enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic (b lactamases) Changes to the bacterial binding/target site A utility to have efflux pumps that increase pumping of antibiotic out of the cell. All lead to decreased ESF antibiotic concentration therefore making them non effective .

Inhibitor of bacterial metabolic pathway

Quinolones and fluoroquinolones, These can be toxic, 2nd line of therapy and contraindicated with pregnancy and young kids

Inhibit ergosterol cell membrane wall of fungi

• Buguanides (metformin) • Sulfonylureas (glubenclamide, glicazide, glimperide) • DDP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, sa ag Lipton) • A- glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose)

An opioid antagonist

Agonist of kappa opioid receptors, blocks transmission and inhibits dorsal horn projection cells. Transported by glycoproteins/globulins, stimulates the descending pain pathway

Inhibit release of substance p (prostaglandin) by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzyme to decrease pain messages within the CNS

Propofol, Ketamine, midazolam, and thiopentone

Activation of specific GABA, shortens channel opening times at nicotinic ACh and Na channels in the cortex = rapid induction - suits maintenance and sedation phase minimal CVS effects

Rapid, soluble, intermediate, long acting and pre mixed