Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table: Metals and Non-Metals
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Where are metals found on the periodic table?
• to the left of the stepped line
What do metals form when they react?
positive ions/cations
What do non-metals form when they react?
They either: - don’t form ions - form negative ions
As you progress down the periodic table, do metals become more or less reactive? What about with non-metals?
Metals Become more reactive further down. Non-Metals Become less reactive further down.
Why are metals that are further down in the periodic table more reactive?
• they have lots of shells so the outermost shell is far away • so outer electrons experience a weaker attraction to nucleus as the electrostatic force is weaker • because there are more shells between the nucleus and the outer electrons there is more shielding resulting in the outer electrons being even less attracted to the nucleus • because of this, metals further down can lose their outer electrons more easily so are more reactive
List the physical properties of metals.
• very strong (due to metallic bonding) • malleable • good conductors of heat and electricity • high melting and boiling points • shiny • sonorous
List the physical properties of non-metals.
• brittle • dull • low melting and boiling points • less dense • poor conductors of heat and electricity
List the properties of transition metals.
• all typical metal properties listed • can form more than one ion • transition metal ions are often coloured so compounds that contain them are colourful • often make good catalysts