Definitions
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Define Relative Atomic Mass
The weighted average mass of an element, taking into account the abundance of its naturally occuring isotopes, relative to 1/12th of carbon-12.
Define: Mass Number
The number of protons and Neutrons
Define: Atomic Number
Number of Protons
Define: Isotope
Different versions of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
Define: Relative Isotopic Mass
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th the mass of carbon-12.
Define: Relative Molecular Mass
The mass of the molecule compared to 1/12 of Carbon-12
Define: Avogrado’s Constant
The number of atoms in 12g of Carbon-12 (6.022 x10^(23) atoms)
Define: A mole
the amount of substance that contains 6.022 x10^(23) particles
Define: Empirical Formula
Formula to show the simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a substance
Define: Molecular Formula
Formula to indicate the number of atoms of each element in one molecule.
Define: Electronegativity
The power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond towards itself.
Define: Enthalpy
A measure of the heat content of a substance
Define Enthalpy Change
Change in heat content under standard conditions
Define: Enthalpy of Formation (and Exo/Endo)
Enthalpy change when one mole of substance is formed from its constituent elements with all reactants and products in their standard states, under standard conditions. (Exothermic)
Define: Enthalpy of Combustion (and Exo/Endo)
Enthalpy change when one mole of a substance undergoes complete combustion in oxygen, with all reactants and products in their standard states under standard conditions. (Exothermic)
Define: Enthalpy of Neutralisation (and Exo/Endo)
The Enthalpy when one mole of water is formed in a reaction between acid and alkalai under standard conditions. Exothermic
Define: Le Chatelier’s Principle
When a system at equilibrium is subjected to a change in conditions, the equilibrium postiion shifts to try and oppose that change.
Define: Reversible Reaction
A reaction that can go on both the forward and reverse direction
Define: Static Equilibria
The concentration of the reactions and products does not change as both the forward and reverse reaction rates are zero.
Define: Dynamic Equilibrium
The concentration of both the products and reactants does not change as both the forward and reverse reaction rate are equal.
Define: A closed system
A system in which neither the reactants nor products can leave or enter
Define: Oxidation
Loss of Electrons Gain of Oxygen Loss of Hydrogen
Define: Reduction
Gain of Electrons Loss of Oxygen Gain of Hydrogen
Define: Oxidising Agent
Species that removes electrons from another