Ch. 15 vocab
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process of plants giving off water
evapotranspiration
surface water moves across
run off
a porous layer of earth material that becomes saturated with water
aquifer
an aquifer that is bounded on the top and bottom by impermeable confining layers
confined aquifer
an impervious confining layer of an aquifer
aquiclude
the result of a pressurized aquifer being penetrated by a pipe or conduit, within which water rises without being pumped
artesian well
a zone above the water table and below the land surface that is not saturated with water
vadose zone
uses of water for cooling and for dissipating and transporting waste materials
industrial water
the amount of oxygen required by microbes to degrade organic molecules in aquatic ecosystems
biochemical oxygen demand
the enrichment of water (either natural or cultural) with nutrients
eutrophication
pollution of groundwater
groundwater pollution
diffuse pollutants, such as agricultural runoff, road salt, and acid rain, that are not from a single, confined source
non-point source
used as wastelands, purposes of industry, housing, and agriculture
wetlands conversion
comes from oil-drilling blowouts/oil tanker accidents, run-off from streets, improper disposal of lubricating oil from machines or automobile crankcases, and intentional oil discharges that occur during the loading and unloading of tankers
marine oil pollution
a method of disposing solid wastes that involves burying the wastes in specially constructed sites
landfill
stormwater that runs off of streets and buildings and is often added directly to the sewer system and sent to the municipal wastewater treatment facility
stormwater run off
usages of primary, secondary, and tertiary sewage treatment
wastewater treatment
process that involves holding the wastewater until the organic material has been degraded by bacteria and other microorganisms
secondary sewage treatment
process that removes larger particles by settling or filtering raw sewage through large screens
primary sewage treatment
process that involves a variety of different techniques designed to remove dissolved pollutants left after primary and secondary treatments
tertiary sewage treatment
a mixture of organic material, organisms, and water in which the organisms consume the organic matter
sewage sludge
constant movement of water from surface water to air and back to surface water as a result of evaporation and condensation
hydrologic cycle
water that infiltrates the soil and is stored in the spaces between particles in the earth
groundwater
the top layer of water in an aquifer
water table