Reproductive system in humans/vertebrates
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is the fertillisation of an egg cell by a sperm cell to create a new generation. Different vertebrates have different reproductive strategies. Each specie has adapted to maximise reproductive success.
Define the term reproduction? (1.1)
Reproduction is the biological process whereby a living organism produces a new individual or individuals
what is meant by the term reproductive strategy (1.2)
it is a structural, functional or behavioural adaptation that increase the chances of fertilisation and survival of offspring
Why do animals need to use reproductive strategies (1.3)
animals use different reproductive strategies to increase their reproductive success in different environments
Define courtship as a reproductive strategy in animals (2.1)
It is the behavioural patterns of male and female animals, leading to matting and ultimately resulting in fertilisation.
Define the term fertilisation (2.2)
Fertilisation is the fusing of the haploid male gamete (sperm cell) with a haploid female gamete cell (egg cell) to form a diploid zygote.
What is a zygote?
A fertilised egg cell
What is a embryo?
The zygotes, which divides by mitosis into many cells
What is a foetus?
An embryo of a mammal that has developed organs and organ systems.
What is the placenta and what are the functions
An organ with a rich blood supply that provides food and oxygen to the embryo and removes waste products from the embryo.
What are the 3 types of development strategies
1) Oviparous- lays eggs on land with a shell or without a shell in water. (external fertilisation) 2) Ovoviviparous- live birth from eggs (seahorses, snakes and sharks) 3) Viviparous- live placental birth.
What is meant by extra- embryonic membranes? 4.3
It is membranes outside of the embryo
What is described by the development strategy precocial development 5.1
Young hatched when almost fully developed. Open eyes, have hair and feathers Active/ mobile Chicks leave nest soon after hatched Not confined to nests Energy goes into prenatal development
What is described by the development strategy Altricial development 5.1
Born/hatched when not-well developed Are blind at birth Often naked or lacking hair/ feathers Cannot walk or fly. Need to be looked after by parents for along time (fed and kept warm) Confided to a nest or burrow
What is the function of the umbilical cord in the amniotic egg?
Connects the embryo with yolk and allantois.
What is the function of the Blood vessels in the amniotic egg?
Carry blood between embryo, yolk and allantois.
In an unfertilised chicken egg, what is the function of the albumen calza
Holds the yolk and embryo in place and absorbs shock.
What is the function of the Double membrane in the amniotic egg?
Protection against infection
What is the function of the Albumen in the amniotic egg?
Major source of protein for developing young.
Define parental care 7.1.1
It is any behavioural pattern where parents spend time or energy on the feeding and protection of their offspring/young
Name 5 examples of parental care 7.2
Guarding eggs Keeping young warm Protection of predators Hatching of eggs Feeding of young
What is fertilisation
When an egg cell fuses with a sperm cell to form a diploid zygote.
Give the function of the Bladder?
Stores urine until urination.
Give the function of the ureter?
Transports urine from the kidney to the bladder.