genetic mutation
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what is a mutation?
change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
2 ways which mutation occurs
• Bases can be accidentally deleted, added, inverted, or replaced with different bases • can occur in the DNA of any cell, only sex cell mutations will be passed to offspring
5 things causing mutation
• randomly during DNA replication • Radiation • Chemicals: • Free radicals: • Thymine dimers:
2 types of mutations + describe
Point Mutation - One single base is changed Chromosomal Mutations - Entire segments of a chromosome are altered
Substitution Mutation (point)
One single DNA base is swapped for a different one, there are three types silent, nonsense and missense
frameshift mutation (point mutation)
Contains insertion (One or more bases are inserted into the original DNA base sequence) and deletion (One or more bases are deleted)
Inversion (chromosomal mutation)
Rotation of part of a chromosome
Translocation (chromosomal)
Part of the chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome
Deletion (chromosomal)
Removal of part of a chromosome
Duplication (chromosomal)
A segment of chromosome is repeated
silent (point substitution)
One DNA base is changed but it does not change the amino acid produced
nonsense (chromosomal point)
DNA base that is substituted, accidentally codes for a stop codon
missense (substitution point mutation)
DNA base that is substituted codes for a different amino acid