Metals
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Explain the bonding in metals
cations and delocalised electrons held together with electrostatic forces
Explain the structure in metals
lattice of cations surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
Why is it easy to add a different metal atom to a metallic element?
same type of force, easy to replace because electrons are always moving which causes bonds to re-arrange
Define alloy
mixture containing at least one metal
What are the differences between compounds and mixtures?
Compounds: - hard to separate - fixed ration - fixed mpt - 2 elements bonded Mixtures: - easy to separate - no fixed ration - range of mpt depending on ratio - 2 elements not bonded
Which properties of compounds and mixtures do alloys have?
• easy to separate (m) • no fixed ratio (m) • 2 elements bonded (c)
Why are metals malleable?
because ions can move without breaking metallic bonds
Which is more malleable, a pure metals or an alloy?
a pure metal
Why are pure metals more malleable than alloys?
In pure metals, layers slide over each other. In alloys, differently sized atoms/ions cannot as easily slide over each other because regular lattice is disrupted
How do metals react to form cations?
by losing electrons
What determines the reactivity of a metal?
how easily it loses an electron
Why does losing electrons require energy in metals?
because energy is required to break the electrostatic forces between outer electrons and nucleus
What are the 3 variables that affect force strength? Put them in order from most important to least important.
1) number of electrons being lost 2) distance between nucleus and outer electron (number of occupied energy levels) 3) number of protons in nucleus (atomic number)
metal + (cold) water →
metal hydroxide + hydrogen
metal + (hot) steam →
metal oxide + hydrogen
Mg + H₂O (g)→ What color is the flame?
MgO + H₂ white flame
What color is ZnO when hot and when cold?
hot - yellow solid cold - white solid
2Fe + 3H₂O (g)→ What color flame does it burn with?
Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ orange / red
Which elements react with cold water?
K, Na, Li, Ca
Which elements react with hot water?
Mg, Zn, Fe
Which elements do not react with water?
Cu, Ag, Au
Zn + 2AgNO₃ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag What type of reaction is this? Why does the Zn switch places with the Ag?
displacement, Zn displaces Ag because Zn is more reactive.
What are the observations of a displacement reaction?
1) solid color change 2) temp. increase (difference in reactivity determines magnitude of charge) 3) solution changes color
Define extraction
obtaining a pure metal / element from a compound