Exam II

Meeting the needs of the present in an equitable and fair fashion without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

• The world is changing • We are changing • We are changing the world

All organisms and their physical and chemical environments

Biota is living elements Abiota is non-living elements

• Provisioning • Regulating • Cultural • Supporting

• Energy is neither created nor destroyed • Open to gains and losses of energy • Self-regulated • Change is inevitable and essential

• No poverty • No hunger • Clean water • Affordable and clean energy • Justice and Peace

• Intraspecific: Same species • Interspecific: Different species

Feed from plant material

capture, kill, consume prey

Depend on living host for nourishment. Two types: Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. Parasitism is a relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (the host), which is harmed

• Abundance of hosts • Accessibility of hosts • Transmission rate of parasites • Length of life of an infected host

Sun –> 1st trophic level; Primary producers –> 2nd trophic level; primary consumer–> 3rd trophic level; secondary consumer–> 4th trophic level; tertiary consumer–> decomposers

• Tropical zone: Equator to 25o north and south latitude • Temperate zone: Falls between 25o and 60o north and south latitude • Polar zone: Above 60o north and south latitude

• Rain forest: Annual rainfall greater than 2,000mm, warm climate, great diversity • Seasonal forest: Annual rainfall 1,500-2,500mm, wet and dry seasons. • Savanna: Droughts most of the year, lots of grasses

• Deciduous forest: Broadleaf trees, moderate summers and cold winters • Evergreen forest: Lots of evergreens,less precipitation and warmer winters • Chaparral: Summer drought,evergreen shrubland and low woodlands • Grasslands: Too dry for forest, wet enough to not be desert, long cold winters, hot summers

Boreal forest: Cold and wet, conifers Tundra: Treeless, harsh winters

Below 250mm of rainfall, can be hot or cold, plants adapt for little water

Can have different climate of each side, air temp drops as climate increases

Harsh environment, human action has lead to damage

Streams normal waterway

Area around channel that floods

Lotic- moving water Lentic- non-moving water

Ecosystems where soil is saturated all year or a significant part of the year