Redox reactions- acids, bases and neutralisation
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what occurs when we dissolve an acid in water?
H+ ion is released which is simply a proton. The acid molecule dissociates (splits) also releasing a negative ion.
why is hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid considered strong acid and ethanoic acid a weak acid?
Because every acid molecule dissociates and releases the hydrogen ion. Ethanoic acid is a weak acid as it only partially dissociates.
what makes a chemical a base?
a base can neutralise a acid to produce a salt
what occurs in a neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base?
the metal ion in the base is replaced by the hydrogen ion in the acid. Oxide ions from metal oxide and hydrogen ions form water.
when you react an acid with a metal carbonate, what three products are formed?
salt, carbon dioxide and water
what are alkalis?
bases that dissolve in water
are all group 1 metal hydroxides soluble in water and can form alkalis?
yes
in solution what ions do alkalis release?
OH- ions
what is produced when a acid reacts with an alkali?
salt and water
what is a salt?
a compound formed where all hydrogen ions in an acid are replaced with metal ions
metal + water =
metal(OH)2 + H2
how is a salt formed (common 1 mark question)
hydrogen ion of acid is replaced by metal ion
why are some molecules polar (1 mark)
dipoles don’t cancel
what is a base (1mark)
a substance which readily accepts H+ ions from an acid
what is an alkali (1mark)
release OH- ions in aqueous solution
group 2 carbonates undergo…
thermal decomposition
what condition is needed to form bleach?
cold and dilute sodium hydroxide
what is meant by concordant titres?
titres that agree within 0.1cm cubed
what are the two different routes to prepare Ba(OH)2?
• Ba + H20 -> Ba(OH)2 + H2 - BaO + O2 -> 2BaO then BaO + H2O -> Ba(OH)2
what is the percentage composition of nitrogen in (NH4)2CO3?
29.17 percent