LIPIDS : Lipoproteins I
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Transport lipid throughout the body ; attached with APOLIPOPROTEINS
Lipoproteins
• Activate enzymes to aid in lipid metabolism • Maintain structural integrity of lipoprotein • Enhance cellular uptake of lipoproteins
Apolipoproteins
Used in the assessment of Atherosclerosis and CAD
lipoproteins
Lipoprotein Metabolic Enzymes: Hydrolyzes TG to glycerol, monoglycerol and Fatty acids
Lipoprotein Lipase
Lipoprotein Metabolic Enzymes: Hydrolyzes TAG and Phospholipids from HDL ; Lipids in VLDL and LDL
Hepatic Lipase
Lipoprotein Metabolic Enzymes: Converts free cholesterol to CE (cholesterol esterase; transferrable form)
LCAT Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase
Lipoprotein Metabolic Enzymes: Hydrolyzes HDL for the RELEASE TG and Phospholipids
Endothelial lipase
Lipoprotein Metabolic Enzymes: For EFFLUX of cholesterol from peripheral tissues in HDL
ATP-binding cassette protein A1 (ABCA1)
Lipid Metabolism: Free fatty acids are taken up by the muscles and adipose tissue
Dietary or exogenous pathway of lipid transport
Lipoprotein Metabolic Enzymes: LPL liberates fatty acid from TAG, reducing size CM to become CM remnants which are taken up by LIVER
Dietary or exogenous pathway of lipid transport
Lipoprotein Metabolism: Production of TAG from free fatty acids by the liver with the SYNTHESIS OF VLDL
Endogenous Pathway
Lipoprotein Metabolism: VLDL are converted to ____can be removed by the liver by ______ or converted to cholesterol rich LDL
IDL Apo E
Lipoprotein Metabolism: HDL particles mobilize Cholesterol from tissues into circulation for exchange with VLDL for further metabolism or back to liver for EXCRETION
Reverse Cholesterol Transport Pathway
Major Lipoproteins
Chylomicrons VLDL LDL HDL
Major Lipoproteins: Largest and least Dense Produced in the Intestine
Chylomicrons
Major Lipoproteins: delivers DIETARY LIPIDS to hepatic and peripheral cells
Chylomicrons
Major Lipoproteins: Predominant lipid content of Chylomicrons
Triglycerides
Major Lipoproteins: Major apolipoproteins of Chylomicrons
Apo B48 Apo A1 Apo C Apo E
Major Lipoproteins: AKA Pre Beta Lipoprotein
VLDL
Major Lipoproteins: Secreted in the Liver (endogenous) Transport ENDOGENOUS TAG from liver to peripheral tissues
VLDL
Major Lipoproteins: VLDL apolipoproteins
Apo B100 Apo C Apo E
Major Lipoproteins: AKA Beta Lipoproteins
LDL
Major Lipoproteins: Major catabolic end product of VLDL Constitute about 50% of total lipoproteins in plasma
LDL
Major Lipoproteins: Primary target of cholesterol lowering therapy and PRIMARY MARK FOR CHD RISK
LDL (Bad cholesterol)