Alkanes
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What are alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons
What does saturated mean?
It means the atom is comprised of only single bonds and each atom is bonded to the maximum number of other atoms possible
What is the general formula for alkanes?
CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
What are the first five alkanes and their molecular formulae?
• Methane - CH₄ • Ethane - C₂H₆ • Propane - C₃H₈ • Butane - C₄H₁₀ • Pentane - C₅H₁₂ Make sure you know how to draw their displayed formula
How do you name different isomers? Just flip over
As shown: Note that these are the structural formulae - make sure you can draw them as displayed formulae
What type of reaction is an alkane and a halogen?
Subsitution reaction
What must be present for the reaction between an alkane and a halogen to happen?
Ultraviolet light
What is the word and symbol equation for the reaction between methane and bromine?
• Methane + Bromine –> bromomethane + hydrogen bromine • CH₄ + Br₂ –> CH₃Br + HBr • The bromine atom swaps with the hydrogen atom • This can also be done with chlorine, forming chloromethane • The products belong to a family called halogenalkanes