The Rate Expression + Order Of Reaction
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What does the rate of a chemical reaction depend on?
The rate depends on the concentration of some or all species in the reaction vessel, including reactants and catalysts
What does the rate expression tell us?
It shows the contributions of the species that actually affect the reaction rate
Why might the rate expression include a species that is not in the chemical equation?
Some species, such as catalysts, can affect the reaction rate even though they do not appear in the overall equation
What does it mean if a species in the chemical equation is missing from the rate expression?
It means the species’ concentration does not affect the rate
What does the order of a reaction with respect to a species mean?
It is the power to which the concentration of that species is raised in the rate equation
In the rate equation, rate = k[X][Y]², what is the order with respect to X?
First order, because the concentration of X is raised to the power of 1
In the rate equation rate = k[X][Y]², what is the order with respect to Y?
Second order, because the concentration of Y is raised to the power 2
How do you calculate the overall order of a reaction?
Add together the individual orders of all species in the rate equation
If the rate equation is rate = k[A]ᵐ[B]ⁿ, what is the overall order?
m + n
What is the zero order?
An order that means the changes in the concentration have no effect on the rate
Does the number in front of a species in the chemical equation determine its effect on rate?
No, they do not influence the rate expression
What does the symbol ∝ mean in rate expressions?
∝ means “proportional to.”
Why does increasing temperature increase the rate of reaction?
Increasing the temperature gives particles more kinetic energy, so they collide more often and more energetically. This increases the rate of reaction.
What are the units for the rate of reaction?
mol dm⁻³ s⁻¹
How do you write a rate expression once proportionality is removed?
Rate= k[A]^m[B]^n
How do you calculate the rate constant, k?
k = Rate ÷ [A]^m[B]^n
What does the value of k depend on?
K varies with temperature, so the temperature must be stated