Lecture 25&26
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Orifice
Any opening
Eructate
To belch
The compound stomach
Rumen (pauch) Reticulum (honeycomb) Omasum (many plies) Abomasum (true stomach)
Rumen
80% of total stomach volume Extends from 7th rib to pelvis Located on animals left side External surface of rumen marked by grooves Inside has muscular pillars which divide rumen into sacs Epithelia arranged in papillae for traction and absorption Ventral sacs have numerous papillae Rumen microbes
Functions of rumen
Organ for absorption Organ of maceration Fermentation vat Site of bacterial digestion
End products of digestion
Volatile fatty acid Lactic acid Essential amino acids B-complex vitamins Carbon dioxide and methane
Nutrients absorbed by the rumen
Water Minerals Vfas Lactic acid
Factors making rumen favorable environment
Dark Warm Proper ph (more acidic) Moisture (salivary) Continuous mixing Removal of end products (ph gets better) Large capacity (20-30 gallons)
Reticulum
Smallest of all compartments (5-7%) Fermentation and absorption Located in front of animals left side next to diaphragm Received heavy matter (settled in reticulum) Epithelial arranged in hexagon shape (honeycomb) Esophageal groove (looks like tube)
Omasum
Located on right side by reticulum (ball shape) Epithelia arranged in leaves Provides 1/3 of total surface area Sulcus omasi groove (passageway)
Abomasum
Located in ventral midline First glandular portion of ruminant stomach Possesses fundic and pyloric regions Numerous folds (rugae)
Sphincter
Circular arrangement of muscle fibers that function to close a lumen on an orifice
Atelectasis
Partial collapse of lung or alveoli