14.2 - 15

Molecules and compounds are composed of two or more atoms linked together by attractive forces

The most important factor affecting how chemical bonds form

An atom having fewer than eight valence electrons in its outer shell may gain additional electrons by shar-ing electrons with another atom. A chemical bond re-sulting from the sharing of valence electrons between atoms

typically form between two nonmetals.

When two atoms share a single pair of electrons

A multiple bond forms when atoms share two or three pairs of electrons. The sharing of two pairs of electrons forms

de-scribes how strongly atoms of that element pull on electrons in chemical bonds

If one of the atoms has a greater electro-negativity than the other atom

In a purely covalent bond formed between atoms with equal electronegativity, both atoms share their electrons equally, and the electrons are not pulled closer to one atom than to the other

(the lowercase form of the Greek letter delta) represents a partial charge.

(a charge less than that of a proton or electron) and the hydrogen end has a positive partial charge.

has opposite partial charges on opposite ends of the molecule; one end of a polar molecule has a negative partial charge, and the other end has a positive partial charge.

consist of atoms covalently bonded into large struc-tures that do not contain a specific number of atoms.

Any two-atom molecule with a polar bond is a hydrogen chloride is one of them

The simplest ratio of atoms in a covalent network (or any other nonmolecular compound) is

(the mass of a formula unit) for a covalent net-work or other nonmolecular compound.

Atoms that gain electrons become (negative ions)

hile atoms that lose electrons become positive ions

typically form between a metal and a nonmetal. The attraction between the oppositely charged ions forms an

An ion formed from a group of atoms is a

always has a fixed ratio of ions, specified by the formula unit.

consisting of millions or billions of ions all bonded by electrical attraction

resembles covalent bonding in that electrons are shared by atoms

a book providing a logical, organized system of prefixes and suffixes for nam-ing chemical compounds