exam 1

Before a population boom, there is a period where the initial population will go from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates (happens in developing countries)

The absolute maximum population that an ecosystem can handle in terms of providing food, habitat, resources, and water

The permanent disappearance of a species across the entire globe

The permanent disappearance of a species within a specific, local area (exists in other areas)

A steady decline in individuals within a population

Events where there is a rather rapid, large death of a significant percentage of a population or species

A measure of genetic diversity. The proportion of individuals in a population that have 2 different alleles for a particular gene/genotype

When the formerly distinct species composition of different locations becomes more and more similar, usually because of the introduction of non-native species and the extinction of native specialists - loss of unique species -more widespread, generalist species - like invasive species

Some reasons for lower birth and death rates include: - sanitation, medical intervention, agricultural advancements, contraception, and industrial economies

It is a measure of a country’s per capita consumption by estimating the amount of land and water area required to produce the resources necessary for the population and absorb the waste. The U.S. and Europe have a higher ecological footprint than the “global south.” (Even though population growth is slower in developed nations, the impact on the planet is higher)

Comeback to this one

Managing resources so that future generations can also use them

An Iroquois philosophy that the decisions we make today should result in a sustainable world seven generations into the future

The 19th-century belief that the United States was destined to expand across North America often resulted in the exploitation of natural resources.

A philosophical movement that emphasized the inherent goodness of nature and the corrupting influence of society. It valued nature for its spiritual and aesthetic qualities (literally don’t touch anything…matter of fact, don’t even look at it)

The idea that nature in of itself has value outside of its usefulilness to humans

• John Muit (ew) • Emphasized the protection of nature from humans and should be left in its pristine state

• Gifford Pinchot (German Forestry dude - maximum sustainable use) • Said promoted wise, efficient use of natural resources

• Aldo Leopold • includes soils, waters, plants, and animals, or collectively: the land, and calls people citizens and not conquerors

Management that takes into account both human and non-human elements instead of focusing on the same issue

Highlights that decisions have to be made sometimes without the full context and under pressure

Embraces values and attempts to apply scientific methods to achieve said values

Goal to preserve a “pristine” wilderness that are untouched by humans was inspired by the Romantic transcendentalist authors (H.D. Thoreau and Emerson) John Muir

Gifford Pinchot Nature exists for the benefit of humans, but natural resources should be managed sustainably in order to be used in the future