Endorcine system

lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide.

-Other hormones (stimulating- or releasing -hormones) -Plasma concentrations of ions or nutrients, proteins -Neurons and mental activity -Environmental changes (light or temperature)

Autocrine:cell products act on itself Paracrine:localized action around production site (short distance) Endocrine: products secreted into blood stream to have action at distant sites (long distance)

response to level of hormone in circulation (pituitary hormones), or in response levels of substances in the blood (glucose)

Growth Hormone (GH) stimulates tissue growth, Prolactin promotes milk production, TSH stimulates thyroid hormone release, ACTH triggers adrenal hormone release, and FSH/LH regulate sexual development and fertility.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) makes urine more concentrated by increasing water reabsorption, and Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions and milk secretion.

hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands to release their hormones. You can imagine tropic hormones as “messengers” that go to a specific target (endocrine glands) and tell them to do their job, like a coach giving instructions to players on a team. These hormones don’t directly cause effects themselves but regulate other glands to release their hormones, keeping the body in balance.

condition where the ANTERIOR pituitary gland fails to secrete any of its hormones

When the anterior lobe isn’t functioning properly, it can lead to conditions like pituitary dwarfism, where there is a deficiency in growth hormone. This causes stunted growth and development, but can be treated by supplementing with growth hormone (GH).

If the posterior lobe isn’t secreting antidiuretic hormone (ADH), it can result in diabetes insipidus, where the kidneys are unable to reabsorb water, leading to the excretion of large amounts of diluted urine. This can be managed by supplementing with ADH and ensuring increased fluid intake.

how well the receptors or target tissues function. For example, in androgen insensitivity syndrome, the body is unable to respond to androgens (male sex hormones), even though they are present.

These tumors produce hormones that can lead to symptoms like excessive growth or changes in milk production, depending on which hormone is affected. The majority of these tumors are adenomas, which are benign but can still cause serious issues because they disrupt normal hormone production and may press on nearby structures, like the optic chiasm, affecting vision.

These tumors don’t produce hormones but still cause problems by pressing on surrounding tissues and structures, leading to symptoms like headaches or vision issues due to their size and location.

pituitary adenoma -benging hypertrophy-enlargment of pituitary.

The bones thicken and enlarge

too much prolactin in the body, often due to adenoma

galactorrhea and It can also inhibit FSH/LH, hormones needed for ovulation, leading to anovulation (lack of ovulation) and amenorrhea (no menstrual periods).

infertility (FSH - spermatogenesis), hypogonadism, sexual dysfunction (LH - testosterone)

dopamine agonists

protein produced by the thyroid gland that helps the body produce and store hormones and iodine

T3 and T4 made using iodine. They control the rate at which the body burns calories and uses energy, Growth, amongst other things i dont need to know for the exam.

-Adenoma -Graves disease: immune system mistakenly attacks thyroid. Normally, the thyroid is controlled by TSH, but in Graves’ disease, the body makes an antibody called TSI. TSI acts like TSH and tells the thyroid to make too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid keeps making more hormones, even though the body doesn’t need it, because TSI doesn’t listen to the normal control systems.

condition caused by underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), leading to a slower metabolism.

-enlarged thyroid gland -Iodine deficiency: -Enzyme deficiency: -Increased hormone needs: During puberty, pregnancy, or stress, the body may need more thyroid hormones, and the thyroid tries to produce more, leading to enlargement.