Acids, Bases And Neutralisation
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What do all acids contain in their formulae?
Hydrogen ions.
What happens when an acid is dissolved in water?
Hydrogen ions are released in solution.
What does a strong acid do in water?
It releases all of its hydrogen ions which is known as complete dissociation.
What is a good example of a strong acid?
HCl
What does a weak acid do when dissolved in water?
It only releases a small proportion of hydrogen ions into the solution (partial dissociation).
What type of acid tends to be weak?
Organic acid.
Give an example of a weak acid.
Ethanoic acid.
What are the different types of base?
Metal oxides Metal hydroxides Metal carbonates Ammonia
What is the molecular formula of ammonia?
NH3
What does a base do to an acid?
It neutralises an acid to form a salt.
What is an alkali?
This is a base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions into a solution.
What are the three metal oxide bases?
MgO CaO CuO
What are the common metal carbonate bases?
Na2CO3 CaCO3 CuCO3
What are the three common alkali bases?
NaOH KOH NH3
What part of the acid reacts with the base in neutralisation?
The hydrogen ions.
What are the hydrogen ions replaced by in neutralisation?
Metal or ammonium ions.
What salt is produced when hydrochloride acid reacts with sodium carbonate?
Sodium chloride
What salt is produced from the reaction of sulphuric acid and sodium carbonate?
Sodium sulfate
What is the formula of sodium chloride?
NaCl
What is the formula of sodium sulfate?
Na2SO4
What is formed from the neutralisation of an acid with a metal oxide or hydroxide?
A salt and water only.
What happens when an alkali and acid reacts?
A salt and water only.
When an alkali and acid reacts, what are the reactant states?
The reactants are in solution (aqueous)
What is produced in the neutralisation of acids with metal carbonates?
A salt, water and carbon dioxide gas.