Chapter 2 - Domestication

• Evolution • Domestication • Production

References the number of divers animal fossils identified from this period to date, the complex body systems of animals originated

Mammals first appeared 250 million years ago

Birds first appeared 150 million years ago

Homo genius appeared 65 million years ago “Period of mammals and birds” Land bridges appeared

The process by which changes occur over successive generations • longest stage • origin of animals

• Possess the ability to vary • Reproduce in excess • Exposed to a continually changing environment

A gradual process where small modifications that occur over time can ultimately lead to significant changes within an animal population Does not introduce variation into an organism, but works on existing variations that occur as a consequence of genetic changes

Modifications that are maintained through natural selection

The process by which striking variation arises and contributes to contrasting appearances within a species Man controls the breeding, feeding, and care of animals - social environment is the primary force

Floppy ears, curled tails, white head spotting, and unique coat color patterns collectively shared across animals

• variation of genetics and morphology • species can be selected for in the creation of new variations • all species reproduce under food availability and suitable habitat • species success is dependent on optimum conditions

• social group with hierarchal structure • promiscuous mating with posturing/signs of mating readiness • adaptability to large range of diets and environments with minimal stress • precocial young • low reactivity to humans

The distance from an individual that causes the animals to flee and is commonly referred to as the animal’s flight zone

• genetic modification through mutation and migration or gene flow • natural selection • genetic drift

A condition behavioral modification - acceptance of humans is temporary

Once domesticated but returned to wild state