Earth Science

The Earth gets denser and hotter toward the ____.

The outermost solid layer of Earth

Layer of Earth that is under the crust and is not liquid but ductile/plastic. Considered solid.

The innermost layers of Earth.

The outermost and most rigid mechanical layer of Earth. Includes the crust and the top of the mantle.

the denser, weaker layer beneath the lithospheric mantle

Beneath the asthenosphere. It encompasses the lower mantle, where material still flows but at a much slower rate than in the asthenosphere.

A layer of liquid iron and nickel beneath the mesosphere. This is the only layer of Earth that is a true liquid.

The very center of the Earth. Usually considered solid (Its outer shell and its innermost sphere both are hot enough to be molten but are a solid iron-nickel alloy because the incredible pressure at the center of the Earth renders it a solid state.)

All the water on Earth in liquid form.

The global sum of all ecosystems and living organisms

The masses of frozen water on Earth.

What are Earth’s 5 spheres?

The layer of gasses that surround Earth.

What are the two gases that make up 99% of Earth’s atmosphere? Of those two which one is more prevalent?

Formations made from rocks that exist on the lithosphere

Geological formation formed as a result of Earth’s tectonic plates smashing together

Geological formation formed when magma from within Earth’s upper mantle erupts through the surface

Geological formation formed by weathering and erosion caused by the movement of rivers. Also formed by tectonic activity.

the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth’s lithosphere that creates seismic waves

A ring of volcanoes around the outer edge of the Pacific Ocean. Most of Earth’s volcanoes and earthquakes happen along this ring.

An elastic wave caused by an earthquake

The fastest of the three types of seismic waves. Can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.

Type of seismic wave that travel through Earth’s interior at about half the speed of primary waves. They can travel through rock but not liquids or gases.