reactions of metals & the reactivity series (41-43) (paper 1)
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what is produced when a metal and acid react
• a salt • hydrogen
what is produced when a metal oxide reacts with an acid
• a salt • water
what is produced when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid
• a salt • carbon dioxide • water
what is produed when a metal hydroxide reacts with an acid
• a salt • water
what does how metals react with acids tell you
how reactive they are
how can you work out the reactivity of a metal using a reaction
by reacting different metals woth dilute acids - the more reactive the metal the faster the reaction will go (very reactive metals will react explosively)
how would you do a practicle to investigate the differences in reactiveity of metals with acids
• set up 3 boiling tubes with equal volumes of HCl or H2SO4 • put peices of magnesium, iron, zinc of equal shape and size in the tubes • the speed of reaction is rate f hyrogen bubbles given off • hydrogen presence is confirmed by a buring split test • magnesium should give the loudest ‘squeaky pop’
what else do some metals react with
water
what is produced when a metal reacts with water
• metal hydroxide • hydrogen
how do metals like potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium react with water
vigourously
what does less reactive metals reacat with
steam
what happens when potassium reacts with water and why
becasue as the reactivity of the metal increases so does the amount of energy given out by the reaction - potassium gives out enough energy to ignite hydrogen
does copper react with water
no
does copper react with steam
no
what is the definition of the reactivity series
it lists metals in order of reactivity towards other substances
list the reactivity series
• potassium • sodium • lithium • calcium • magnesium • aluminium • carbon • zinc • iron • lead • hydrogen • copper • silver • gold (Please Stop Calling Me A Careless Zabra Instead Learn How Copper Saves Gold)
what happens when more reactive metals react with less reactive metals in a compound and why
more react metals ddisplace less reactive metals out of their compound
what can you work out from displacement reactions
the reactivity of metals
how can you tell when a reaction has occured
• there is a change in temperature • a more reactive metal will have a greater temperature than the less reactive one
what is the equation for the rusting of iron
iron + oxygen + water -> hydrated iron (III) oxide
when does rusting happen
in the presence of both water and oxygen
what are the two methods of preventing rust
• barrier methods • sacrificial methods (galvanising)
what are the barrier methods to prevent rust
• painting / coating with plastic • oiling or greasing
what are the sacrificial methods to prevent rust
• zinc is often used as a sacrificial method • zinc is more reactive than iron = it is oxidised instead of the iron • a coating of zinc sprayed on an object is galvanising, or blocks of zinc can be bolted to the iron