Researching pt 4 ✓

Synthesis is used to prepare a pure sample of a specified compound NOTE: There are 5 steps involved in synthesis

Preparation is when the main reaction is carried out to produce a crude sample of the desired product

A heating mantle is used to heat organic compounds because they are generally flammable

Anti-bumping granules are small, course stones that make boiling liquids boil more evenly, without sudden, violent bubbling

Heating under reflux is used as: -It allows reactions to proceed for a long time (several hours) - It prevents the loss of volatile reactants/products on heating

Isolation is when a crude sample is seperated from the reaction mixtue

Isolation by distillation is used to isolate a liquid product from a reaction mixture on the basis of its boiling point. It is used when the product has a different boiling point to the rest of the mixture

Isolation by solvent extraction is used if the product is in an aqueous solution

Purification is when the crude product is purified

Purification by drying is when water is removed from a liquid product using a drying agent (e.g. Anhydrous calcium carbonate/anhydrous magnesium sulfate)

Purification by distillation is when a liquid product is distilled and the purified product is collected

Identification is when the identity of the pure compound is confirmed

Identification by melting point is when the melting point of a solid product is measured and compared with the literature value in order to identify it and confirm its purity

Identification by mixed melting point is when a pure sample of the prepared compound is mixed with a sample of the known compound and the melting point is measured. This identifies the compound without a doubt

Identification by boiling point is used when the reaction product is a liquid, its boiling point is measured by distillation to help identify it

Identification by TLC is when substances are seperated based on differences in their polarity, or size