Acids and Bases
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Who gave the Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases?
Svante Arrhenius, 1884
What is an Arrhenius acid and an Arrhenius base?
Arrhenius acid- Releases H+ ions in water. Arrhenius base- Releases OH- ions in water.
Which acid base theory describes neutralization reaction?
Arrhenius Theory.
What is neutralization reaction?
Acid and base react to give salt and water.
How is water formed as a result of neutralization reaction?
Proton is given by the caid and OH- ion is given by the base that combine and form water.
What is a Bronsted base and a Bronsted acid?
Bronsted acid- Proton donor Bronsted base- Proton acceptor
True or False: Organic acids are classified as Bronsted acids.
True.
Why is ammonia considered a Bronsted base?
Nitrogen has three bonds with three hydrogen atoms, and one lone pair of e-, which accepts a proton from water, to release OH- ions.
What is the difference between monoprotic and polyprotic acids?
Monoprotic acids- contain only one ionizable hydrogen. Eg. HCl, HNO3 Polyprotic acids- contain more than one ionizable hydrogen. Eg. H2SO4, H3PO4
Organic acids have many hydrogens, yet they donate only ______ hydrogens.
Acidic.
What determines whether a hydrogen atom is acidic?
If it is attached to a more electronegative atom like a halide or an oxygen.
How does the Bronsted-Lowry theory explain acid base reactions?
• Acid base reactions are a charge transfer process. • This transfer process usually involves the solvent. • Acid base reactions can be considered reversible. This leads to a possibility of a reversible, dynamic, equilibrium.
What is a conjugate acid and a conjugate base?
Conjugate acid- Base that accepted a proton. Conjugate base- Acid that donated a proton.
What is the relationship between a conjugate acid-base pair?
• Conjugate acid- base pair differ by one proton. • The stronger an acid, the weaker it’s conjugate base and vice versa.
What are the characteristics of a strong acid/base?
• Strength is determined by degree of dissociation, not concentration. • Good electrolytes. • Donate or accept protons with ease
What is the difference in strong acids and weak acids?
Strong acids: * Dissociate completely. * Reversibility is insignificant as equilibrium lies to the right of the reaction. Weak acids: * Partially dissociate. * At equilibrium, it is present in molecular form.
Why is water considered amphiprotic?
Because it shows acidic as well as basic properties. In reaction with a base, it donates proton (Hydrogen atom) In reaction with an acid, it accepts proton (Lone pair on Oxygen atom).
Solute-solvent interactions of acids/bases and water promote __________ and ____________.
Solubility and dissociation.
What are the uses of acids?
• Ascorbic Acid- Vitamin C- Micronutrient and a reducing agent. • Gastric acid- HCl- Helps digest proteins; increased concentration can cause indigestion and heartburn. • Biochemical Reactions- Enzymes function only in specific pH/ acidity. • Cell reactions are based on specific acid- base composition.
What acid gives flavor to Swiss cheese?
Propanoic acid.