Renal Function

Name two important hormones synthesised by the kidneys.

__________ is the cessation of renal function, although much damage is required.

List three signs and/or symptoms of uraemia.

True or false: acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney injury (AKI), is usually observed in the hospital setting, most commonly in the severely ill.

_____________ AKI involves the loss of proper blood supply, via blood loss and hypovolemia.

What causes renal stage AKI?

In which phase of AKI is urinary drainage impaired by obstruction?

At what level of glomerular filtration rate do symptoms appear in chronic kidney failure?

Diabetes can cause _________ kidney failure.

List three causes of acute nephritic syndrome (acute glomerulonephritis).

Rapidly-progressing glomerulonephritis will present with ____________-shaped nephrons.

___________ ____________, such as pyelonephritis, causes alterations in tubular function, leading to kidney damage.

_____________ nephropathy is derived from prolonged high blood pressure.

Renal tubular acidosis impairs ______________.

___________ ___________ causes the kidneys to be unable to conserve water, due to a deficiency of, or insensitivity to, anti-diuretic hormone

____________ ____________ ______ is the rate at which substances are filtered through the kidneys’ glomeruli, measured in mLs/minute.

What is the approximate glomerular filtration rate?

What commonly used analyte is used to calculate GFR?

State the formula for GFR.

The ________ _______________ test assesses the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine.

Serum ______________ is synthesised in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas.

What is the waste product of creatine?

In measuring creatinine, Jaffe’s 1886 reaction with ___________ ________, yields an orange-red complex.

List three sources of interference in the Jaffe method.