Exam Question(electronic Structure,bonding And Structure ,periodity)
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Describe the relative energies of the 2s orbital and each of the three 2p orbitals in a nitrogen atom?
*p orbital have greater energy that S orbitals *3 p orbitals have equal energy
Example of an ionic equation of a precipitation reaction ?
Ag+ + Br- ———>AgBr(s)
Number of electrons in 1s sub shell,and 2nd 3rd and 4th ?
1st -2 2nd - 8 3rd - 18 4th - 32
How many electrons can an orbital hold
2
What is an orbital
A regional around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins
Explain why xenon has a Lower first ionisation end than neon (clue they are in noble gases)
*Xe has a bigger atomic radius *Xe has more shielding *the nuclear attraction decreases
Explain why she noticed that when the ammonium chloride was it did not conduct electricity however when dissolved in water the resulting solution did conduct electricity?
*ions or electrons can’t move in solid *ions can move/mobile in solution
Suggest why the second ionisation energy of oxygen has greater value than the first ionisation energy of oxygen ?
*the O+ ion is smaller than the O atom Or the electron repulsion/shielding is smaller
Why are the second ionisation energies of calcium and strontium greater than their first ionisation energies.?
*same numbers of proton or same nuclear charge attracting less electrons *less electron - electron repulsion
Interpret a table with large differences in number between 6th and 7th shell?
Large difference between 6th and 7th inners he’ll marking different shell closer to the nucleus
Explain why the first and second ionisation energies of strontium are less than those of calcium ?
*sr has more shells *therefore less attraction *sr has more shielding than ca *sr atomic radii is greater
Explain why the first ionisation energies show a general increase across period 2 ?
*increasing nuclear charge *electron experience greater attraction or pull *radius decrease so same or similar shielding
Explain why the first ionisation energy of B less than that of Be ?
*in B electron being removed is at higher energy *as s electron is lost in Be and p electron is lost in B
In group 2 explain why radium have a greater nuclear charge than atoms of calcium ?
*Ra has a greater atomic radii *Ra has more electrons in shell further from nucleus compared to ca *Ra has more shielding that Ca *Ra has less attraction on electron
Why is bromine classified as a p block element?
Higher energy sub-shell is the p sub-shell
Explain why the first ionisation energies show a general increase across period 2 ?
*increasing nuclear charge *electron experience greater attraction or atomic radius decreases
Shape and bond angle of 2 bonded pairs and 0 lone pairs ?
Linear - 180 degrees
Shape and bond angle for 3 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs
Trigonal planar - 120 degrees
Shape and bond angle for 4 bonded pairs and 0 lone pairs?
Tetrahedral- 109.5 degrees
Shape and bond angle with 5 bonded pairs and 0 lone pairs ?
Trigonal bipyramid - 90 and 120 degrees
Shape and bond angle with 6 bonded pairs and 0 lone pairs ?
Octahedral - 90 degrees
Shape and diagram for 3 bonded pairs and 1 lone pairs ?
Pyramidal- 107 degrees
Shape and bond angle with 2 bonded pairs and 2 lone pairs ?
Non linear - 104.5 degrees
Ny how many degrees does each lone pair reduce the bond angle ?
2.5 degrees