Amines and polymers

When the NH2 group is on the end of the chain you can add the suffix -amine to the end of the alkyl chain, i.e. ethylamine. When the amine group is not on the first carbon, the amine is named using the prefix amino and a number is added to indicate the position of the amine group, i.e. 2-aminobutane.

When they contain the same alkyl group, you can use the prefex di- or tri- to indicate the number of alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, i.e.e dimethylamine. When two or more different groups are attached to a nitrogen atom, the compound is named as a N-substituted derivative. For example, N-methylpropylamine. For a tertiary amine it might be N-ethyl-N-methylpropylamine

Attached to two hydrogens and a R-group

Attached to one hydrogen and two R-groups

Attached to three R-groups

When the nitrogen atom is attached to at least one straight or branched carbon chain

When the nitrogen is attached to an aromatic ring

Amines behave as bases in chemical reactions as the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom accepts a proton.

A dative covalent bond is formed between the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom and the proton

Amines are bases which neutralise acids to make salts CH3NH2 + HCl –> CH3NH3+Cl-

A haloalkane reacts with ammonia to form an ammonium salt, i.e. propylammonium chloride. This reacts with an aqueous alkali such as NaOH to form an amine, i.e. propylamine. Ethanol is used as a solvent, to prevent any substitution of the haloalkane with water to produce an alcohol. Excess ammonia is used, to prevent further substitutions of the amine group to form secondary and tertiary amines.

The salt formed when the ammonia reacts with the haloalkanes can react with another haloalkane to form an ammonium salt i.e (CH3CH2CH2)2NH2+Cl-. This reacts with NaOH to form a secondary amine, NaCl and H20

From further substitutions of the secondary amine salt

Nitrobenzene is heated under reflux with tin and HCl to form the ammonium salt, phenylammonium chloride. This then reacts with excess NaOH to form phenylamine. Tin and HCl are the reducing agents

React with excess ammonia in ethanol

RCH(NH2)COOH

As they have both the acidic COOH and basic NH2, amino acids have similar reactions to both carboxylic acids and amines and can react with both acids and bases

Will react with acids to form an ammonium salt. When reacting with HCl, the NH2 group turns into NH3+ and Cl- is also formed

Forms a salt and water. For example, when it reacts with NaOH the COOH turns into COO-Na+, water is also produced

The amino acids are esterified by heating the alcohol in concentrated sulphuric acid. Water is also produced

Are the product of a reaction between an acyl chloride with ammonia and amines. There is a carbon double bond with an oxygen atom, the carbon is also bonded to a nitrogen

Must have a chiral centre, which leads to the existence of two non-superimposable mirror image structures

A carbon atom which is attached to four different types of atoms

The two structures are drawn as mirror images of each other