Atoms
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John Dalton
All matter is made up from atoms
J.J Thompson
Plum pudding model, Atoms are divisible and contain tiny little electrons
Ernest Rutherford
Atom made up from a nucleus and extra nucleus part
Niels bohr
Electrons orbit around the nucleus in orbit
Wolfgang pauli
Concept of electron spin
James Chadwick
Nucleus contains neutrons
Order of the scientists atom models
John Dalton J.J Thompson Ernest Rutherford Niels Bohr Wolfgang Pauli James Chadwick
Limitations of the atom model
It’s only 2D Electrons don’t orbit the nucleus the nucleus is 50,000 times smaller than
Orbitals
are mostly empty space (they are electron shells)
Nucleon
Term for both protons and neutrons
What force holds protons and neutrons together
The strong nuclear force
What holds together protons and electrons
Electrostatic forces of attraction
is the electrostatic forces of attraction larger or the strong nuclear force
The strong nuclear force is bigger
Proton charge (coulombs)
+1.602 times 10 to the power of -19
Neutron charge in coulombs
0
Electron charge in coulombs
-1.602 times 10 to the power of -19
Proton mass in Kg
1.673 times 10 to the power of -27
Neutron mass in Kg
1.673 times 10 to the power of -27
Electron mass in Kg
0.911 times 10 to the power of -30
RAM definition
Relative atomic mass is the average mass of an atom of an element to 1/12 of of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
Molecular mass
average mass of a molecule of an atom to 1/12 of of the mass of an atom of carbon 12
What is the empirical formula
the simplest ratio of an element in a compound
what is mass spectrometry used for
drug development, environmental testing and forensics
electron impact ionisation
the sample is vaporised then high energy electrons from an electron gun emits an electron which knocks off an electron from the sample forming a 1+ ion