Past paper things I got wrong
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In an industrial process, ammonia is used to produce nitric acid. Name the catalyst used in this process.
platinum
Suggest why a catalyst may be used in an industrial process to produce ammonia.
speeds up reaction OR less energy / heat is required
Name the power supply that must be used to electrolyse solution
direct current (d.c.)
During electrolysis, metal ions are changed to metal atoms. Name this type of chemical reaction.
reduction
Gas is produced at the _______ electrode.
positive
Does but-2-ene form two products when reacted with hydrogen bromide?
no
What caused some of the positive particles to be deflected when they were fired at a very thin layer of gold foil?
they were repelled by the positive nucleus in the gold atoms because like charges repel.
properties of discrete covalent molecular
do not conduct electricity and have low melting points
properties of covalent network
do not conduct electricity and have high melting points
properties of ionic lattice
have high melting points and conduct electricity when liquid but not when solid
properties of metallic lattice
conduct electricity when solid and have a wide range of melting points
Explain why butane has a higher boiling point than propane. (2)
butane has stronger forces of attraction between molecules.
Suggest one disadvantage of adding sulfur compounds, such as ethyl mercaptan, to fuels such as LPG
produces acid rain // acidic gases
Copper oxide - does it leave pH unchanged when shaken with water?
yes
In industry, calcium oxide is reacted with sulfur dioxide to reduce the volume of sulfur dioxide released into the atmosphere. Explain why calcium oxide is able to reduce the volume of sulfur dioxide gas released.
calcium oxide is a base
Electrons can be removed from all atoms. The energy required to do this is called the ionisation energy. The first ionisation energy for an element is defined as the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms, in the gaseous state. The equation for the first ionisation energy of chlorine is Cl(g) —-> Cl+(g) + e− State the electron arrangement for the Cl+ ion.
2, 8, 6 just remove an electron – do not confuse yourself it is as easy as this
Electrons can be removed from all atoms. The energy required to do this is called the ionisation energy. The first ionisation energy for an element is defined as the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms, in the gaseous state. The equation for the first ionisation energy of chlorine is Cl(g) —-> Cl+(g) + e− Write the equation for the first ionisation energy of magnesium.
Mg → Mg+ + e- state symbols are not needed
what is an isomer
compounds with same molecular / chemical but different structural formula.
Polyesters are always made from monomers
with two functional groups per molecule.
Name the type of chemical reaction taking place when limonene reacts with bromine solution
addition
The purpose of the potassium nitrate solution is to complete the circuit. State the term used to describe an ionic compound which is used for this purpose.
electrolyte
when copper and zinc are put in a cell what is the path of electron flow
zinc to copper
Name a non-metal element which is suitable for use as an electrode
carbon // graphite
When a Q asks for average volume required to neutralise ___ make sure to ignore
rough titration