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How is Kp different from Kc?
Kp uses partial pressures instead of concentration Kp does not use square brackets whereas Kc does Only gaseous substances included
What is partial pressure and total pressure?
Partial pressure- pressure a gas would exert if it alone occupied the whole container Total pressure- all partial pressures added together
Partial pressure equation
Mole fraction x total pressure
Mole fraction equation
Moles of particular gas/total number of moles -Needs to add up to 1.
What do different Kp values mean?
Kp less than 1- equilibrium lies to the left, the reactants side Kp more than 1- equilibrium lies to the right, products side Kp=1 equilibrium lies in middle
What is Kp affected by?
Only affected by temperature
Kp equation
Kp= p(products)moles/ p(reactants)moles SI unit is pressure
Working out units for Kp
-Same as Kc= divide the powers to find the overall power
Rules for equilibrium shift in terms of Kp temperature.
-Forward reaction exothermic= Kp decreases at higher temperatures -Forward reaction endothermic= Kp increases at higher temperatures The denominator/numerator needs to increase/decrease to bring Kp up/down to the new value shifting the equilibrium to the right/left
Explaining equilibrium shift based on concentration using Kc.
-Kc doesn’t change, only changes with temperature -Increase/decrease in X increases/decreases the numerator/denominator of the Kc expression -Refer to endothermic/exothermic if relevant -So more X/Y is made to increase/decrease the numerator/denominator to restore/increase/decrease the equilibrium Kc.
Explaining equilibrium shift with Kp.
-Changes with temperature -Concentrations of all the reactants and products increases/decreases -However the numerator/denominator increases/decreases more/less -More X/Y is made to decrease/increase the numerator/denominator to restore/increase/decrease the equilibrium.
Explain change in equilibrium for pressure Kp
-Changing pressure doesn’t alter Kp -Doubling pressure will double all partial pressures -Numerator/denominator affected more/less due to squared term in Kp expression -Kp will then increase. -The one that has increased must decrease and the other must increase to restore Kp and equilibrium so shifts to the side which is less.