Displacement and Extraction of metals

Lots of common metals, like iron and aluminium, react with oxygen to form oxides. It is a loss of electrons and gain of oxygen.

Some metals can be extracted from their ores chemically by reduction using carbon. The ore is reduced as oxygen is removed from it and carbon gains oxygen so is oxidised.

in the reactivity series have to be extracted using electrolysis, which is expensive. E.g. Aluminium

Is a gain of electrons and lose of oxygen. Reduction and oxidation happen at the same time. Redox Reaction

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from an aqueous solution of one of its salts.

Electrons are lost.

gold is found in the Earth as the metal itself, but most of the metals are found as compounds that require chemical reactions to extract the metal.

can be extracted from their oxides by reduction with carbon.

• iron ore • coke (cheap form of carbon made of coal) • air • limestone (to remove impurities)

By reacting with them and form slag.

• carbon + oxygen = carbon dioxide • carbon dioxide + carbon = carbon monoxide • iron oxide + carbon monoxide = iron + carbon dioxide

When there is enough metal in a rock to make it worth extracting the metal.

the best way to extract a metal from its ore.