Acid Base Equilibria
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the degree of dissociation of weak acid and base is described by
Ka/Kb
General expression for Ka
= [P] / [R]
Whose definition is this Acid – any substance that increase the H+ concentration of the solution or produces H+ in aqueous medium
Arrhenius
Whose definition is this Base – substance that increases the OH- concentration or produces OH in aqueous medium
Arrhenius
𝐻𝐶𝑙 (𝑎𝑞)→ 𝐻+(𝑎𝑞)+𝐶𝑙− (𝑎𝑞) what kind of acid is this
Arrhenius Acid
𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 (𝑎𝑞)→ 𝑁𝑎+(𝑎𝑞) 𝑂𝐻− (𝑎𝑞) what kind of base is this
Arrhenius base
Acid – proton (H+) donor Whose definition of base is this
Bronsted-Lowry Acid
Base - proton (H-) acceptor
Bronsted-Lowry Base
contains one more H atom and one more + charge than the base that formed it; becomes more positive
Conjugate Acid
formed when proton is removed from an acid;
conjugate base
example of an amphoteric compound, can be an acid and base
water
Acid - electron pair acceptor whose definition is this
Lewis
Base - electron pair donor whose definition is this
Lewis
Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid (ca) and conjugate base (cb) in the following reaction: H2C2O4 + HCO3- -> HC2O4- + H2CO3
➢Acid – H2C2O4 ➢ Base – HCO3- ➢ Conjugate base – HC2O4- ➢ Conjugate acid– H2CO3
Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid (ca) and conjugate base (cb) in the following reaction: S-2 + HNO3 -> HS- + NO3+
➢ Acid – HNO3 ➢ Base – S-2 ➢ Conjugate acid – HS- ➢ Conjugate base – NO3
Identify the acid, base, conjugate acid (ca) and conjugate base (cb) in the following reaction: H2PO4- + HCrO4- -> H3PO4 +CrO4-
➢ acid – HCrO4- ➢ base – H2PO4- ➢ conjugate acid – H3PO4 + ➢ conjugate base - CrO4-
write the conjugate acid for the following: HS- HSO4
➢HS- : H2S ➢ HSO4 : H2SO4
Write the conjugate base for the following ➢ CH3COOH – ➢ HPO4-2 –
➢ CH3COOH – CH3COO- ➢ HPO4-2 – PO4-3
may be categorized into strong and weak depending on their degree of dissociation
acid and base
are completely ionized in solution
strong base/acid
only partially disassociated
weak base/acid
Example of Strong Acids
HClO4 - Perchloric Acid HCL - Hydrochloric Acid HBr - Hydrobromic Acid HI - Hydroiodic Acid HNO3 - Nitric Acid H2SO4 - Sulfuric Acid
Give examples of strong bases
LiOH - Lithium Hydroxide NaOH - Sodium Hydroxide KOH - Potassium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Calcium Hydroxide Sr(OH)2 Strontium Hydroxide Ba(OH)2 Barium Hydroxide
symbol for partial disassociation
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