Ch. 26 Phylogeny Review guide
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what is the order of the classification system?
Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Domain
What is the difference between monophyletic, polyphyletic, and paraphyletic?
mono=common ancestor and all its descendants poly=distantly related species, but no common ancestor para=ancestral species and some of its descendants
Why are scientific names better than using common names?
some common names do not accurately reflect the type of species they signify
How is a scientific name correctly written?
first part is genus to which the species belongs, second part is the specific epithet. The genus is capitalized, and the second is not. It is italicized, or underlined (if written).
Linnaean system and errors
groups species into closely related groups, and then progressively more categories or classification. errors= doesn’t show groups evolutionary relationships
Phylogenetic tree and errors
represents a groups hypothetical evolutionary relationships errors=doesn’t show natural selection, and doesn’t indicate timing of events
List and explain the parts of a phylogenetic tree:
branch points, sister taxa, basal taxon, rooted, polytomy
What does the law of maximum parsimony say?
investigate the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts
What is a clade?
an ancestor species and all of its descendants
Why was there a 3 domain system for bacteria?
Because the single cell organisms were as different to each other as they were from eukaryotes