Chapter 6: the gaseous state
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gases have similar .., which allows us to develop models to predict their …
physical behaviors; properties
a gas is a fluid with no definite … or fixed …
shape; volume
a gas fills the
total volume of its container
because a gas is mostly empty space, a gas is
compressible
the volume of a gas … when an external force is applied
decreases
a liquid is a fluid with a
fixed volume but no definite shape
a liquid takes the …., but it does not…
shape of its container; expand to fill the container
a solid has both fixed … and …
shape; volume
liquids and solids are …
condensed phases
condensed phases: phases that are resistant to … because the spaces between the particles are … and cannot ….
volume changes; small; readily change
because the individual particles in both the liquid and solid phases are …., but in the gas phase are …, the density of the gas phase is much … than the density of either of the condensed phases
closely packed; separated; lower
density is generally expressed in .. for a gas, but the densities of liquids and solids are expressed in …
grams per liter; grams per milliliter
when a gas under atmospheric conditions condenses to a solid or a liquid, the density increases by a fact of about
1000
liquids and solids are resistant to volume changes because the spaces between the particles are
small and cannot readily change
pressure is defined as the
force exerted on a surface divided by the area of the surface
the atmosphere exerts a pressure because of the
weight of the gas molecules in the air
a barometer measures the
pressure of the amosphere
gravitational attraction pulls down the column of mercury, leaving a … above it in the tube. the column stops falling when the pressure caused by the weight of the mercury is
vacuum; equal to the pressure exerted by the atmosphere
mercury level in barometer rises→
high pressure
mercury level in barometer lowers→
low pressure
mercury is used in barometers because it is a liquid with a
high density
a manometer measures pressure
differences
(manometer) the atmosphere exerts a … on the mercury surface at the open end of the tube, and the gas within the container exerts pressure on the …
pressure; other surface of the mercury
(manometer) the difference between the heights of the 2 mercury surfaces corresponds to the difference between the
gas pressure in the container and the atmospheric pressure