A&P of GI System

Smooth muscle involved in moving material through the digestive system is under _____________ nervous system control.

5 steps in digestion

Food enters through the mouth, where three pairs of salivary glands secrete saliva that contains _________, an enzyme that begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth.

The _______ is a cavity between the mouth and esophagus that serves as a passageway for food and air.

The stomach mixes the boluses of food with gastric juices to form partially digested liquid called _______.

__________ is a mix of mucus, HCL, and digestive enzymes secreted by various cells of the stomach.

_______ cells secrete pepsinogen, in inactive form of pepsin used in protein digestion.

________ is an enzyme which digests fats.

______ cells in the gastric lining secrete mucous for protection against the highly acidic hydrogen chloride.

The hormone _______ acts to stimulate the secretion of gastric juices, and the hormone _______ stimulates the appetite and promotes storage of fats.

name the three major regions of the small intestine.

The ______ is the short section attached to the pyloric sphincter of the stomach.

as chyme leaves the stomach, it is acted upon by enzymes from the ________, _______, and _______.

The _____ produces alkaline bile secreted via the gall bladder to aid in the emulsification and breakdown of fats.

The _____ secretes pancreatic juice, which is a mix of water, salts, bicarb, and digestive enzymes.

Bicarbonate within the duodenum neutralizes acidic chyme, and the enzymatic digestion of fats by ______, starches by ______, and proteins by _______.

The _______ is also an endocrine gland. It secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon for the control of blood glucose levels.

Absorption of nutrients, including B12 occurs in the multiple folds (villi/microvilli) of the ______ and _____ as the chyme is pushed through via peristalsis.

From the small intestine, blood carrying nutrients passes to the liver through the _____________, allowing the liver to metabolize consumed toxins and store glucose as glycogen.

The _______ includes the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.

name the four sections of the colon.