practicles

• DNA fragment are placed into wells • Buffer solution is added(to complete the circuit) • A cathode is placed near the wells and a anode is place at the other end of the gel. • An electric current is applied (has to be direct current) • dye/ radioactivity used to visualise DNA

• Set up test tube with solvent at the bottom • Take chromatography paper and draw a line in pencil 2cm from bottom(origin) • Cut a disc from leaf with a cork borer (avoid midrib) • Place disc onto paper at the center of the line. Crush with glass rod until a stain is left. • Put paper into the test tube. put into the rack and let solvent run. • Remove paper from test tube when solvent stops near the top and immediately draw line with pencil(solvent front) • The paper now has colour spots this is a chromatogram. then calculate the Rf values of each pigment spot .