Earth Subsystems (ma'am daryl)
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A set of interconnected components interacting to form a unified whole.
a system
three types of systems
Open, Closed, Isolated
Allows exchange of both energy and mass.
open system
Allows exchange of energy but not mass.
closed system
No exchange of energy or mass.
isolated system
What kind of system is Earth?
Essentially a closed system (energy enters and exits, but almost no mass leaves or enters).
All living organisms on Earth and organic matter not yet decomposed.
biosphere
What are biotic components?
living parts
What are abiotic components?
nonliving parts (air, water, temperature).
Linear transfer of energy and matter from one organism to another.
food chain
Interconnected food chains.
food web
Energy transfer between trophic levels.
energy pyramid
Photosynthesis uses CO₂ and releases O₂; respiration does the opposite.
biosphere - atmosphere
Roots and organisms help break down rocks and form soil.
biosphere - geosphere
All water on Earth (surface, groundwater, glaciers).
hydrosphere
Frozen part of the hydrosphere.
cryosphere
What percent of Earth is covered by water?
about 70%
How much of Earth’s water is fresh?
about 3%
• Universal solvent • Neutral pH • High specific heat • Good conductor of heat • Exists as solid, liquid, gas
water
How does water shape the geosphere?
Through weathering and erosion.
How does the hydrosphere interact with the atmosphere?
Through evaporation and precipitation.
Thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.
atmosphere
78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.9% Argon, trace gases.
composition of atmosphere
• Protection • Heat regulation • Weather • Provides life-supporting gases
important of atmosphere