Bonding And Structure
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What are the 3 sub-atomic particles that make up an atom?
• protons • neutrons • electrons
Where are the protons and neutrons found?
Nucleus of the atom
Where are the electrons found?
Electron shells orbiting around the nucleus
Relative mass and relative charge of a proton
• relative mass = 1mu • relative charge = +1
Relative mass and relative charge of a neutron
• relative mass = 1mu • relative charge = 0
Relative mass and relative charge of an electron
• relative mass = 1/1836 mu • relative charge = -1
What is an ion?
Ion = a charged particle formed when an atom/ group of atoms loses or gains electrons
Are metal ions positive or negative? Why is this?
Metal ions are always positive because they always lose electrons as their outer shells are almost empty so they lose this shell.
Are non-metal ions positive or negative? Why is this?
Non-metal ions are always negative because they always have an almost full outer shell, so they gain electrons to achieve a full outer shell
What is the basic atomic configuration?
• 2,8,8,2 • shell 1 = max. 2 electrons • shell 2 = max. 8 electrons • shell 3 = max. 8 electrons • shell 4 = max. 2 electrons
Where does any type of bonding occur in an atom?
Only the outer electron shell
Sodium ion formula
Na+
Lithium ion formula
Li+
Potassium ion formula
K+
Ammonium ion formula
NH4+
Silver ion formula
Ag+
Hydrogen ion formula
H+
Magnesium ion formula
Mg2+
Calcium ion formula
Ca2+
Barium ion formula
Ba2+
Zinc ion formula
Zn2+
Copper(ll) ion formula
Cu2+
Iron(II) ion formula
Fe2+
Lead(II) ion formula
Pb2+