Genetics 1
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The genetic code
DNA is the instruction manual for protein synthesis
Genetics can influence:
Health, productivity, behavior
Genetics-
How traits are passed down, heritable characteristics
A goal of animal breeding is to improve something
-Production, conformation, efficiency -Can also help conserve breeds
Transcription
the process of copying a segment of DNA into a complementary strand of RNA, specifically messenger RNA (mRNA)
Translation
the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
Gene
segment of dna that codes for a specific protein -regulation -structure -pigmentation (ex. Coat color) -digestion
Gene expression is when
the proteins are synthesized
The 4 Nucleotide bases
adenine, thymine, cytosine, glycine
Genes can be expressed
-constitutively- all the time -locally- only in a particular tissue -only in utero- while fetus is developing'’
Non-coding regions of the dna are usually….
regulatory
Location of a gene on a chromosome
Loci or locus
Chromatin is made of
a strand of dna and histones
dna can coil around a
histone
__________
will supercoil into the x shaped structures we call chromosomes
Diploid Cells
2 copies of each chromosome (2n) somatic cells
Haploid Cells
1 copy of each chromosome gametes
somatic cells
any cells in the body that are not involved in reproduction
Gametes
reproductive cell
Autosomes
non sex chromosomes homologous chromosomes found in pairs with identical banding patterns
sex chromomsomes
determine the sex of the animal xy and zw not homologous
karyotype
-visual arrangement of chromosomes in their pairs -determined by matching stains and banding patterns -can be used to determine chromosomal abnormalities (ex. Extra set or extra chromosomal, ex down syndrome)
The genome
-complete set of DNA for a species as a sequence of nucleotide bases -usually broken down into chromosomes
Human genome was sequenced in
2003